this=  http://wda.tradivarium.at/dioxin.rtf

last updated:  2013-08-22

WP.source.draft == C:\doc\TCDD\WAO.rtf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Wda

http://www.uni-protokolle.de/Lexikon/Richard_von_Weizs%E4cker.html >>
" Dieser Artikel von Wikipedia ist u.U. veraltet. Die neue Version gibt es hier: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%E4cker "
"""  Von 1958 - 1962 arbeitete Weizsäcker als Geschäftleiter des Bankhauses Waldthausen & Co. in Essen und Düsseldorf.

1962 wurde er geschäftsführender Gesellschafter des Chemie- und Pharmaunternehmens Boehringer in Ingelheim am Rhein (bis 1966 ). Als 1964 das US-Unternehmen Dow Chemicals in Lieferschwierigkeiten geriet (wegen Dioxinvergiftungen der Arbeiter) verhandelte Weizsäcker mit den Amerikanern. Boehringer schloss die Produktionlücke und überlies auch ein verbessetes Produktionsverfahren für hochgiftige Stoffe aus denen dann Agent Orange hergestellt wurde. Dies hatte verheerende Auswirkung im Vietnamkrieg. Die Fa. Boehringer beteuerte aber von all dem nichts gewußt zu haben. Zugleich hieß es aber von Boehringer auch: "Solange der Vietnam-Krieg andauert sind keine Absatzschwierigkeiten zu erwarten."  """

BAYER(+monsanto)=MOBAY
-- http://www.cbgnetwork.org/Ubersicht/Zeitschrift_SWB/SWB_2001/SWB_03_01/Ticker_03_01/chemie___waffen_03_11.html 
BAYER ->Prodil->AgentGreen==2,4,5-T pur
-- http://www.cbgnetwork.org/Ubersicht/Zeitschrift_SWB/SWB_2003/SWB_04_2003/Wallraff/wallraff.html

Der Spiegel, 32/1991: [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13487619.html Der Tod aus Ingelheim] by Cordt Schnibben (accessed 2013-07-30)

Indochina ... 500 kg ; Seveso: 2 kg   -- Ton That Tung in "Seveso oder Wie Verantwortung zur Farce wird" 1979, Birgit Kraatz (Hg.) ISBN 3499143496

/* Defoliants */  procurement: total US.prod.confiscated in '67, plus  imports

In April 1967 USA's entire production of 2,4,5-T was confiscated by the military; additionally foreign sources where tapped into.<ref name="Schnibben_1992">Der Spiegel, 32/1991: [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13487619.html Der Tod aus Ingelheim] by Cordt Schnibben (accessed 2013-07-30)</ref>

65% of the herbicides used contained [[2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid]] that <!-- either "HAD(earlier! ~1957) been found to have been" or "was KNOWN to be" or, lets KISS: -->was contaminated with [[2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin]]<ref name="Stellman"></ref>,

/* Defoliants */ ''known human carcinogen..by several different routes of exposure"

a "''known human carcinogen''...by several different routes of exposure, including [[Oral_administration|oral]], [[dermal]], and [[intraperitoneal]]

The greatest production occurs from waste incineration, metal production, and fossil-fuel and wood combustion. <ref name="Carcinogens2011">[[United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services|DHHS]]: [http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/profiles/Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin.pdf Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011)] (accessed 2013-08-01) </ref>

Total US emissions of [[Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins|PCCD]]/[[Polychlorinated dibenzofurans|F]]s were reduced from ca. 14 kg [[Toxic_equivalent_(dioxin)|TEq]] in 1987 to 1.4 kg TEq in 2000.<ref>Jouko Tuomisto &al.: [http://www.thl.fi/thl-client/pdfs/81322e2c-e9b6-4003-bb13-995dcd1b68cb Synopsis on Dioxins and PCBs] (accessed 2013-08-01), p.40; using data from [[EPA]]'s National Center for Environmental Assessment</ref>

<references />

The Dow Chemical Co. was 

probably "the world’s largest producer of A.O."
<ref>Japan Update: [http://www.japanupdate.com/2013/06/suspicious-drum-cans-found-on-okinawa-city-soccer-field Suspicious drum cans found on Okinawa city soccer field] 07/2013 (acc)</ref>

..is the second-largest chemical manufacturer in the world. 
-- http://english.ryukyushimpo.jp/2013/06/23/10656/

Monsanto .. 
"brought Agent Orange to the world"
<ref>The Baca Racket: [http://bacaracka.com/bacablog/2013/05/the-monopoly-of-monsanto-the-worlds-largest-gmo-company The Monopoly of Monsanto, The world’s largest GMO company], May 8th, 2013 (acc)</ref>

Dermatologica	Vol. 115, 1957, p.540-6
Dermatologica : dermatologische Zeitschrift ; offizielles Organ d. Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Dermatologie und Venereologie
Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Dermatologie und Venerologie Nederlandse Vereniging van Dermatologen Société Belge de Dermatologie et de Syphiligraphie
Basel [u.a.] : Karger 1939 - 1991 [Erscheinungsverlauf: 79.1939 - 183.1991]
Sprache: Deutsch
UNIVIE.Bestandsangabe: AHB: 79.1939 - 131.1965 (Lückenangabe: [N=103]); Signatur: I-138547
"Berufliche Akne (sog. Chlorakne) durch chlorierte aromatische zyklische Äther" Von J. Kimmig und K. H. Schulz in  (Deutsch; with English and French summaries; and --of course-- properly recorded?quoted?abstracted in CA 1958:22227

available online:
TCDD, Tetrachlordibenzo-DIOXIN - Dermatologica	Vol. 115, 1957, p.540-6
available as *.bmp: http://www.project.nsearch.com/photo/albums/dioxin-1
available as (OpenOffice) *.odt - on request

Summary		(p.7 of above)
Amongst workers who are employed in the preparation of 2,4,5-Trichlorphenol and its transformation to 2,4,5-trichlorphenoxyacetic acid or its esters, 31 cases of co-called chlorakne were seen. It could be shown experimentally...that it is not the trichlorphenol itself but a toxic [by]product formed...which is the cause of the chlorakne. ...chlorized dibenzofuran and also tetrachlordibenzodioxine proved very active. ...

LD50 (rat?rabbit?oral) was shown to be < 0.05 mg/kg  (= 4 mg/80kg)

=====   CAS: Accession Number 1958:22227 CAN52:22227 CAPLUS   =====
Chloracne from chlorinated aromatic cyclic ether
By: Kimmig, J.; Schulz, K. H.

Occupational chloracne was observed in 31 workers engaged in the production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and its transformation into 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and esters.  From animal expts. it was shown that the toxic action was not due to trichlorophenol but to the product formed by the alk. hydrolysis of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene.  Tri- and tetrachlorodibenzofuran and tetrachlorodibenzodioxime were also very active skin irritants.  2,3,6,7-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxime was isolated from the byproducts, and its formation from sodium trichlorophenolate was established.

Indexing
Biological Chemistry: Pharmacology (Section11H)
Concepts
    Acne
chlor-, from chlorinated cyclic ethers
Substances
    95-94-3 Benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-
    1746-01-6 Dibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-
    30402-14-3 Dibenzofuran, tetrachloro-
    43048-00-6 Dibenzofuran, trichloro-

chloracne from
    95-95-4P Phenol, 2,4,5-trichloro-

chloracne from manuf. of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid and esters from
Preparation
  =====  =====  =====
Note: the typos were probably not in the original (print-)edition but introduced by digitizing CA

BAD BUSINESS: Monsanto's 5 Most Dubious Contributions to the Planet
http://www.alternet.org/food/152006/monsanto%27s_5_most_dubious_contributions_to_the_planet/ >>
"When [military scientists] initiated the herbicide program in the 1960s, we were aware of the potential for damage due to dioxin contamination in the herbicide ... ," said Dr. James R. Clary, a former government scientist with the Chemical Weapons Branch. "However, because the material was to be used on the ‘enemy,’ none of us were overly concerned."
( backup saved as monsanto_contrib.htm )

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_herbicides

Stellman, Jeanne et al. [http://stellman.com/jms/Stellman1537.pdf The Extent and patterns of usage of Agent Orange and other herbicides in Vietnam] Nature, Vol. 422 (17 April 2003) pp. 681 - 687 (accessed 2013-07-28)

=> VEERY interesting, how Young &al. [my term:]falsified data !
=> i still fail to undestand how they arrive at "additional 165 kg" (p.684,left,last p.)

( downloaded from http://stellman.com/jms/Stellman1537.pdf 06/012
  saved as Stellman1537.pdf  printed(W8) )
"366 kg in total (which still does not take into account the herbicides sprayed by the RVN [=South-vietnamese] forces, and possibly by US Army and Navy forces by trucks, boats, hand sprayers and helicopters, nor the more than 400,000 l of [the much more highly contaminated than A.O.] Agent Pink shown in procurement records but not found in any missions.) If.....then this increased dioxin load grows proportionally."

According to <a href="http://stellman.com/jms/Stellman1537.pdf">Stellman & al (Nature, 2003)</a> the amount of dioxin (or 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD, to give it its full name) dumped onto Vietnam, 1961-1971, is (at least) "366 kg in total (which still does not take into account the herbicides sprayed by the RVN [=South-vietnamese] forces, and possibly by US Army and Navy forces by trucks, boats, hand sprayers and helicopters, nor the more than 400,000 l of [the much more highly contaminated than A.O.] Agent Pink shown in procurement records but not found in any missions.) If.....then this increased dioxin load grows proportionally."

And TCDD is INCREASINGLY spewed out by industry, esp. notably garbage icinerators, worldwide. And inmcreased production + dissemination of 2,4-D (for which GMO's are just now being hoodwinked and marketed) will increase the dioxin load even more.
There is cerrainly not one river, not one creek, there is no drop of any mammal's mother milk on this planet (humans, polarbears, ..) nor any (e.g. penguin's) egg left that is not contaminated. And yet this our fracking caüitalFascistic geno-, eco- and omnicidal (machine)-cult[ure] is still escalating the pollution .......

"DIOXIN"			C12H4Cl4O2
TCDD   			CAS  1746-01-06		

2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-[b,e]-dibenzo-p-dioxin
also (obsolete; different numbering which did not count the "O" as "5")
2,3,6,7-Tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin

2,4,5-T = 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-D
~ester  ~1:1	 Wirkstoffgehalt ~90%  = A.O.

Vietnam 1961-1971;
8 companies: Dow, Monsanto, Hercules, ...
betroffen: (mindestens)300,000 (der 2 M) Soldaten
exposed: (at least)300,000 (of total 2 M) soliders

WIKI

a list of accidents with TCP (i.e. in 2,4,5-T- or Hexachlorophen-production) ?
US 1949: Mo?? Mon$anto's
D  1952: Boehringer
D  1953: BASF, Ludwigshafen (explosion in Cl3-Ph-reactor)
Hamburg 1954: production dis-continued for some time
Dr. Georg Sorge (Chemiker bei Boehringer; durfte nicht publizieren; Selbstmord (1956?) )
Fr 1953
US 1956: 2x
It 1959
Nl 1963
US 1964: Dow
US 1968
J  1970
AT 1972/3: Chemie Linz AG 
?  1974: BAYER
US 1975

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

wiki/Agent_Orange => " It has been repeatedly claimed<ref>WIKI</ref><ref>JAPANTIMES</ref><ref>MORE???</ref> that "It was later [than spraying in Vietnam, ie. 1961-1971] discovered [to be] contaminated." However, h

Health-risks had become apparent even before 1961 <!-- when spraying started -->, from several accidents in U.S. and in Europe.<ref>ACC</ref> Contamination had been investigated, and results published in <!-- in peer-reviewed scientific literature; article in German with English and French summaries; quoted in CA 1958:22227 --!> 1957<ref>KIMMIG</ref>, specifically stating "tetrachlordibenzodioxine proved very active."
Additionally "[[Boehringer_Ingelheim Boehringer]], which used the relative safer low-temperature-process since 1957, in the same year warned the other producers of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol, which were using the high-t-process, pointing out the risk and providing suggestions how to avoid them."<ref>ACC2</ref> 

AAAAND  "When [military scientists] initiated the herbicide program in the 1960s, we were aware of the potential for damage due to dioxin contamination in the herbicide...," said Dr. James R. Clary, a former government scientist with the Chemical Weapons Branch. "However, because the material was to be used on the ‘enemy,’ none of us were overly concerned."<ref>CLARY</ref>

Furthermore, Dr. James R. Clary (a former government scientist with the Chemical Weapons Branch) has come forward and stated that "When [military scientists] initiated the herbicide program in the 1960s, we were aware of the potential for damage due to dioxin contamination in the herbicide. However, because the material was to be used on the ‘enemy,’ none of us were overly concerned."<ref name=TCDD.Clary>http://thewe.cc/weplanet/asia/vietnam/agent_orange_victims_of-US_herbicide_spraying_vietnam.htm "Chemical companies, US authorities knew dangers of Agent Orange"] by Jon Dillingham; August 10, 2009 (accessed 2013-06-21)</ref>

[http://www.alternet.org/food/152006/monsanto%27s_5_most_dubious_contributions_to_the_planet/ "BAD BUSINESS: Monsanto's 5 Most Dubious Contributions to the Planet"] by Oliver Lee

WIKI = in en.wikipedia, on this and other pages, as of {DATE}
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Orange
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Green
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Purple

JAPANTIMES = "Despite learning in 1967 that the manufacturing process of these defoliants tainted them with dioxins, the military continued to use them in ever-larger volumes..." -- "Agent Orange Revelations Raise Futenma Stakes" The Japan Times ONLINE; Tuesday, Oct. 18, 2011
http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20111018zg.html

GREEN URLs verified 01/013

ACC =  Table "TCDD-UNFÄLLE - Eine Bilanz des Schreckens" pp.&nbsp;54-59 in ''Seveso ist überall - Die tödlichen Risiken der Chemie'' by Egmont R. Koch, Fritz Vahrenholt; 1978, ISBN 3 462 012908 [http://www.4shared.com/archive/JCTsproL/TCDD_ACC.html available for download (accessed: 2013-06-21]

<ref name="TCDD.accs">Table "TCDD-UNFÄLLE - Eine Bilanz des Schreckens" pp.&nbsp;54-59 in ''Seveso ist überall - Die tödlichen Risiken der Chemie'' by Egmont R. Koch, Fritz Vahrenholt; 1978, ISBN 3 462 012908 [http://www.4shared.com/archive/JCTsproL/TCDD_ACC.html available for download (accessed: 2013-06-21]</ref>

ACC2 =  ibid, p.49

KIMMIG = ''Berufliche Akne (sog. Chlorakne) durch chlorierte aromatische zyklische Äther'' Von J. Kimmig und K. H. Schulz in Dermatologica Vol. 115, 1957, p.540-6 (Deutsch; with English and French summaries; quoted in CA 1958:22227); [http://www.4shared.com/archive/5d7nKrmT/TCDD_BMP.html available for download] (accessed: 2013-06-21)

available online: http://www.project.nsearch.com/photo/albums/dioxin-1
for download: http://www.4shared.com/archive/5d7nKrmT/TCDD_BMP.html
slightly different numbering and spelling Kimmig: "2,3,6,7-Tetrachlor_dibenzo_dioxinE" today: "2,3,7,8-TetrachlorO_dibenzo_p_dioxin_" (1994 Collins) ((undoubtedly same substance, as formation from 2,4,5-TCP is discussed))

CLARY = ''BAD BUSINESS: Monsanto's 5 Most Dubious Contributions to the Planet'' by Oliver Lee
http://www.alternet.org/food/152006/monsanto%27s_5_most_dubious_contributions_to_the_planet/

Furthermore, there is allegations that "The Pentagon had TCDD tested as a potential chemical weapon in 1962." <ref>HGift</ref>

HGift:
Hamburger Gift (1992) (TV)  http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0104386/ 
10/12 ,  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgONMN1AuHM#at=84
( 1:24 ) " Wir haben herausbekommen, dass das Pentagon 1962 zwei Forscher nach Deutschland geschickt hat, um zu klären, ob das damals in Hamburg entdeckte [1957 publiziert!] Dioxin als chemische Waffe eingesetzt werden kann... [Damit] wäre auf ganz kurzem Weg der Beweis dafür geliefert, dass das Pentagon über die Wirkung  von Dioxin und T-Säure Bescheid wusste. " -- "Und Dann müsste die Regierung Schadensersatz leisten und nicht wir [Dow]."
(( http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL84DB267DA5D71D86 ))

1944: Schiff mit T-Säure unterwegs Richtung Japan (->Reis), darf aber nach A-Bombenabwurf umkehren

1962: Untersuchung mit dioxin an 70 Insassen den HoHompf-Gefängnisses Philadelphia
1967  Dow/Watkins, NZ
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic_acid >>
With proper temperature control during production of 2,4,5-T, TCDD levels can be held to about .005 ppm [can they, are they, REALLY?]. Before the TCDD risk was well-understood [=PROBABLY A LIE], early production facilities lacked proper temperature controls and individual batches tested later were found to have as much as 60 ppm of TCDD.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Orange >>
A 50:50 mixture of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D [iso-octyl-ESTERS], it was manufactured for the U.S. Department of Defense primarily by Monsanto Corporation and Dow Chemical. The 2,4,5-T used to produce Agent Orange was LATER [=A BLATANT LIE] discovered to be contaminated with [TCDD]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Purple >>
It was later discovered that during the manufacture of 2,4,5-T that Agents Orange and Purple were contaminated...
Only small amounts were sprayed in Vietnam in total, about 500,000 gallons (~1.9 million liters).
~ 2,000 tons  [ ? g dioxin ? ] = A SMALL AMOUNT ? ? ?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_herbicides >>  butyl  //  i-octyl

============================================================================================================
THE LIE APPEARS ELSWHERE, TOO:

The Japan Times ONLINE; Tuesday, Oct. 18, 2011
"Agent Orange Revelations Raise Futenma Stakes"
http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20111018zg.html
backed-up as c:\doc\fl20111018zg.html  (85.818 B) >>
" Despite learning in 1967 that the manufacturing process of these defoliants tainted them with dioxins, the military continued to use them in ever-larger volumes until it was forced by Congress and public opinion to end the project in 1971. "

http://www.vietnamwarphotos.net/2012/10/agent-orange-and-removal-of-dioxin-in.html >>
" The herbicides used to produce Agent Orange were later discovered to be contaminated with 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) "

http://www.iadllaw.org/en/node/482
http://ndclwalsh7.wikispaces.com/Agent+Orange+and+Other+Herbicides
http://agentorangezone.blogspot.co.at/2013/03/agent-orange-still-killing-vietnam-war.html
http://www.khq.com/story/22402398/agent-orange-exposure-in-vietnam-a-spokane-womans-battle
...
..
.
.
.

2DJ:
i had 6 randomly picked examples for that "later" lie appearing elsewhere; now realized:
one is from Vietnam, one titled 'In Support of the Vietnamese Victims of Agent Orange',
one from Spokane.
And there seems to be X0,000-X00,000 repetitions

goo "agent orange" "later discovered" -> ~200,000 hits
.. they all seem (but don't!) to contain  both phrases (at least up to resultpage 50)
.. of 10 randomly chosen hits, 7 had both phrases in exactly relevant context

============================================================================================================

============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================

the ongoing CRASH of this civilization, general stupidification

- as witnessed by the (university-)library-system, Vienna, 2011:

(1a) website tells me i can find Chemical Abstracts (:=CA), 1957 (original paper edition) at XX
(1b) at XX i learn that CA are available digitally only. i see the CA(fulltext) on screen. notice a typo ( "dioxime" instead of "dioxine") cannot (try to copy) as i've forgotten[[see! even *I* am affected by the raging stupidification]] my flashmemory.
(1c) am told, orig.paper(Dermatologica) available at YY; at YY, i'm told it's at ZZ. at ZZ friendly librarian goes into archives/basement/orsomething, after a while comes back to tell me i can get it at AKH. got it in AKH.

(2a) a week or so later, i'm back at XX trying to retrieve that CA; i find the index-to and title-of said; need a librarians help for login (as i'm only a visitor), manage to findagain [NO bookmarks there.] an listing with the title of said CA and a link that reads [full text]. [full text] does not work, on several tries (FM like "add-on missing" [i try, but i'm not allowed to install/update add-ons]) so i ask librarian for help. Am told the CA(fulltext) cannot be retrieved... Point out that I have seen it on this very screen, about a week ago; that i'm certain about this, as i remember specifically one typo; librarians INSIST that it cannot be retrieved.
(2b) cannot even save to flashmemory what I found; saving does not work; librarians cannot save anything either. (beautiful verymodern hardware with 2 USB ports at back of keyboard, and several USB-ports at back/side of screen. none works.)

============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================
CARE2-COMMENT

> agent orange = death 
often slow, <a href="http://members.aon.at/maulehla/justice.jpg">lingering torture+death</a>; deformations that make death seem a blessing.

lotsa DIS-info about TCDD/Agent Orange/The Rainbow Herbicides still being pushed.
e.g. en.wikipedia, repeatedly, reads: " The 2,4,5-T used to produce Agent Orange was LATER discovered to be contaminated with [TCDD] "  -- the "LATER" is, imho, a BLATANT LIE:  spraying in Vietnam happened 1961-1971. The toxicity of 2,4,5-T was known from serval accident in production (e.g. Monsanto, 1949; Boehringer 1952; BASF 1953; ...) *AND* it had been "shown experimentally...that it is not the trichlorphenol itself but a toxic [by]product formed...which is the cause of the chlorakne. ...chlorized dibenzofuran and also tetrachlordibenzodioxine proved very active. ... " which had been published in 1957. Published in <a href="http://beam.to/dioxin">Dermatologica, Vol. 115, 1957, p.540-6</a> (German with French and English summaries); with the summary also printed in Chemical Abstacts in 1957.
============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================
maintained by wda,  aka o5
contact:		o5@utanet.at
============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================
============================================================================================================
SUCHE:
"Dioxin - ein Molekül schlägt zurück" (~45 min DokuFilm)
sede@fgaia.org.br, net@gaia.org.br
  www.fgaia.org.br/videos.html - Translate this page
  Dioxin - ein Molekül schlägt zurück / Anders landwirtschaften / 
  Zeitbombe Giftmüll. Encontro de Canela - R.S. - 1992...

Table "TCDD-UNFÄLLE - Eine Bilanz des Schreckens" pp.54-59 in
 "Seveso ist überall - Die tödlichen Risiken der Chemie" by Egmont R. Koch, Fritz Vahrenholt; 1978, ISBN 3 462 012908 (available for download (~3MB *.bmp.7z) http://www.4shared.com/archive/JCTsproL/TCDD_ACC.html)

" Die Fa. BOEHRINGER, die seit 1957 das relativ sichere Niedertemperaturverfahren einführte, hat im gleichen Jahr die Hersteller von TCP, die nach dem Hochtemperaturverfahren produzieren, auf die Risiken hingewiesen und Vorschläge zu ihrer Vermeidung gemacht. " / " BOEHRINGER, which used the relative safer low-temperature-process since 1957, warned in the same year the other producers of TCP, which were using the high-t-process, pointing out the risk and providing suggestions how to avoid them. [my transl.] " - p.49

1949 Monsanto, Niro/West, VA:  228 persons required treatment
1953 BASF, Ludwigshafen: 55 poisoned, all sick, 42 disfigured, some "beyond recognition"
1954 BOEHRINGER-INGELHEIM, Hamburg: 31 cases of Chloracne => INVESTIGATION
1956 ibid: several cases of Chloracne  treated in Univ.klini => changeover to low-tempprocess
1957 *published* in Dermatologica, listed in 1958 Chemical Abstracts
1957 BOEHRINGER WARNS other producers
1958 BASF: 1 worker poisoned, dies 9 months later
1963 Amsterdam: explosion: 50, 'cleanup': 9 employees affected
1964 DOW Midland, MI: 60 workers with Chloracne
...
1976: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seveso_disaster
Produktion bei Boehringer bis 05/1983
Produktion in Linz bis 07/1983 (!)

Bhopal'84
=========
DIOXIN-releases
Vietnam 250-400 kg  (Stellmann 2003: 365 kg (?) )
Seveso'76: ~1 kg I-TEQ (WP)

European Dioxin Inventory - Results  030310   [EU]  Secondary aluminium production
  (  which manages to down-estimate national inventories by about 50% ! )

Table 1 Default emission factors for secondary aluminium production [μg I-TEQ/t] :  min=5, typical=22, max=100  ug I-TEQ / t

(5-22(?)-100, say: 50) ug/t * (35-)40 Mt/y = 1-2 kg

=========
this= www.beam.to/dioxin
=========

Hi, dioxinaccident,

i'd like to correct en.wikipedia (which currently on several pages claimes that contamination with dioxin of A.O. was only discovered LATER (than spraying in Vietnam; but it had been *PUBLISHED* in 1957 !!)
Have done some reasearch, summarized in http://beam.to/dioxin (rtf)

* COULD NEED SOME HELP * with this little project

Best Regards from Vienna
wda;  wda@utanet.at ; http://beam.to/wda

Agent Orange - Monsanto (1/3) 
fast 10% der Fl. Vietnams, mehr als 30,000 km**s
WP: 12%, 20% des Waldes mindestens 1x besprüht
in den 80er Jahren jedes 2. kind in HoDscjiMinh-Stadt verkrüppelt

supplier of Agent Orange
<!-- order? -->Mobay was one of the suppliers of the [[2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin |dioxin]]-contaminated [[2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic_acid|2,4,5-T]] used to produce the [[Agent Orange]] sprayed in [[Operation Ranch Hand]] (1962-1972).<ref>CBGNetwork, 03/2013 [http://www.cbgnetwork.org/4930.html BAYER: Company History Whitewashed] (accessed 2013-07-13) </ref>
<!-- order? -->{{reflist}}